Abstract
BackgroundThere is general consensus that consumption of dietary fermentable fiber improves cardiometabolic health, in part by promoting mutualistic microbes and by increasing production of beneficial metabolites in the distal gut. However, human studies have reported variations in the observed benefits among individuals consuming the same fiber. Several factors likely contribute to this variation, including host genetic and gut microbial differences. We hypothesized that gut microbial metabolism of dietary fiber represents an important and differential factor that modulates how dietary fiber impacts the host.ResultsWe examined genetically identical gnotobiotic mice harboring two distinct complex gut microbial communities and exposed to four isocaloric diets, each containing different fibers: (i) cellulose, (ii) inulin, (iii) pectin, (iv) a mix of 5 fermentable fibers (assorted fiber). Gut microbiome analysis showed that each transplanted community preserved a core of common taxa across diets that differentiated it from the other community, but there were variations in richness and bacterial taxa abundance within each community among the different diet treatments. Host epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolomic analyses revealed diet-directed differences between animals colonized with the two communities, including variation in amino acids and lipid pathways that were associated with divergent health outcomes.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that interindividual variation in the gut microbiome is causally linked to differential effects of dietary fiber on host metabolic phenotypes and suggests that a one-fits-all fiber supplementation approach to promote health is unlikely to elicit consistent effects across individuals. Overall, the presented results underscore the importance of microbe-diet interactions on host metabolism and suggest that gut microbes modulate dietary fiber efficacy.2bT4nj-rhkJSX6ZycoJK9AVideo abstract
Highlights
Humans harbor diverse and dynamic microbial communities in their intestines that span the three domains of life [1, 2]
A large body of evidence suggests that microbes and microbial metabolites derived from dietary fiber, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mediate some of the beneficial effects associated with dietary fiber consumption [18,19,20]
We used 10% w/ w dietary fiber and 35% kcal derived from fat as it is comparable to the intake level of dietary fiber in US adults from 2001 to 2010 based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data [39, 40]
Summary
Humans harbor diverse and dynamic microbial communities in their intestines that span the three domains of life [1, 2]. These microbes play key roles on host biology, including breakdown of complex dietary components, vitamin production, energy harvesting, immune system. A large body of evidence suggests that microbes and microbial metabolites derived from dietary fiber, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mediate some of the beneficial effects associated with dietary fiber consumption [18,19,20]. We hypothesized that gut microbial metabolism of dietary fiber represents an important and differential factor that modulates how dietary fiber impacts the host
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