Abstract
BackgroundThe human gut microbiome has an important role in health and disease. There is extensive geographical variation in the composition of the gut microbiome, however, little is known about the gut microbiome composition of people from the Arabian Peninsula. In this study, we describe the gut microbiome of Arab Kuwaitis. The gut microbiome of 25 native adult Arab Kuwaitis was characterised using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3–V4 regions. Sequencing data were analysed using DADA2. Phylogeny analysis was performed using amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) assigned to the Bacteroides genus and 16S rRNA sequences of Bacteroides type strains to understand the relationships among Bacteroides ASVs.ResultsAbout 63% of participants were overweight/obese reflecting normal Kuwaiti population. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla detected in the gut microbiome (representing 48% and 46% of total sequencing reads respectively). At the genus level, Bacteroides was the most abundant genus in 22 of 25 participants. A total of 223 ASVs were assigned to the Bacteroides genus, eleven of which were present in 50% or more of study participants, reflecting a high diversity of this genus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Bacteroides dorei/vulgatus group was the most abundant phylogenetic group (representing 11.91% of all sequence reads) and was detected in all 25 individuals.ConclusionsBacteroides was the most abundant genus in the gut microbiome of native Arab Kuwaiti adults, with Bacteroides dorei/vulgatus forming the predominant phylogenetic group. The microbiome composition would also have been influenced by the nutritional status of participants.
Highlights
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of bacteria [1]
There is a high degree of variation in the gut microbiome composition between individuals and within individuals over time, and people living in different geographical regions tend to have different gut microbiome [11, 12]
Prior to filtering of the amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) table we identified a total of 223 ASVs assigned to the Bacteroides genus (113 remained post filtering of the ASV table), eleven of which were present in 50% or more of study participants, indicating a high diversity in Bacteroides spp. across individuals
Summary
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of bacteria [1]. Gut microbes play an important role in digestion of nutrients [2], metabolism of drugs and other compounds [3, 4], and synthesis of micronutrients [5], neurotransmitters and other metabolites [6, 7], as well as in the development of gut-specific immune system [8]. The gut microbiome has an important role in maintaining health, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been associated with various health disorders including metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, rheumatoid. There is a high degree of variation in the gut microbiome composition between individuals and within individuals over time, and people living in different geographical regions tend to have different gut microbiome [11, 12]. Characterising the ‘normal’ gut microbiome in different geographical regions provides a comprehensive picture of the microbiome from a global perspective. The human gut microbiome has an important role in health and disease. We describe the gut microbiome of Arab Kuwaitis. The gut microbiome of 25 native adult Arab Kuwaitis was characterised using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3–V4 regions. Phylogeny analysis was performed using amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) assigned to the Bacteroides genus and 16S rRNA sequences of Bacteroides type strains to understand the relationships among Bacteroides ASVs
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