Gut microbiome associated with low anterior resection syndrome after rectal cancer surgery

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This study aimed to assess the likely association of gut microbiome with low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) symptoms. Postoperative stool samples from patients with minor or major LARS after sphincter-preserving surgery (SPS) for rectal cancer were collected and analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing method. The symptom patterns of LARS were classified into two groups (PC1LARS, PC2LARS) using principal component analysis. The dichotomized sum of questionnaire items (sub1LARS, sub2LARS) was used to group patients according to the main symptoms. According to microbial diversity, enterotype, and taxa, PC1LARS and sub1LARS were associated with frequency-dominant LARS symptoms and patients, while PC2LARS and sub2LARS were grouped as incontinence-dominant LARS symptoms and patients. Butyricicoccus levels decreased while overall LARS scores increased. The α-diversity richness index Chao1 showed a significantly negative correlation in sub1LARS and a positive correlation in sub2LARS. In sub1LARS, the severe group showed a lower Prevotellaceae enterotype and higher Bacteroidaceae enterotype than the mild group. Subdoligranulum and Flavonifractor showed a negative and a positive correlation with PC1LARS, respectively, while showing a negative relationship with PC2LARS. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were negatively correlated to PC1LARS. Frequency-dominant LARS had decreased diversity of gut microbiome and showed lower levels of lactic acid-producing bacteria.