Abstract
In the present study of gut microbial diversity in control and experimental treated D. melanogaster flies showed that there were two species belong to Acetobacter species group namely Acetobacter pomorum and Acetobacter tropicalis and three species belong to Lactobacillus species namely Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus fructivorans and Lactobacillus plantarum. Further analysis revealed that the relative abundance of each of the above microbial species varies in control and experimental flies. The density of lactobacillus species such as L. brevis, L. fructivorans and L. plantarum were found to be lowest in control and creatine supplemented flies. While these species were highest in rotenone induced and transgenically created PD flies. Further A. pomorum and A. tropicalis were found to be lowest abundance in control and creatine treated flies whereas they were found to be greater abundance in rotenone induced and transgenically created PD flies of D. melanogaster. Thus, these studies suggest that significant influence of host diet related changes in gut microbial density in Drosophila.
Highlights
The term microbiome of an organism comprises of bacteria, archaeabacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses
Axon-specific 16S rRNA gene primers were used to identify major gut microbial diversity of D. melanogaster such as Acetobacter pomorum, Acetobacter tropicalis, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus fructivorans and Lactobacillus plantarum using primer3 software and unique regions identified from alignments of full 16S rRNA gene sequences
Effect of rotenone and creatine supplementation on gut microbial diversity of D.melanogaster was made prior to the experiment the experimental flies were cultured in a wheat cream agar medium and maintained them in the same conditions
Summary
The term microbiome of an organism comprises of bacteria, archaeabacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. Have shown exposure to rotenone showed variations in abundance reported such as increases in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genus and a decrease in Prevotellaceae after rotenone treatment or the increase in Enterobacteriaceae in MPTP –treated mice were similar to what has been observed on human PD cases [6,7,10,11,12,13,14,15] Further these studies have showed changes in the intestinal phenotype such as gut inflammation and increased intestinal permeability leading to constipation suggesting changes in the gut microbial diversity directly or indirectly was responsible for these changes [9, 16,17]. Further using germfree flies showed decreased insulin signaling which is promoted by commensal gut bacteria i.e. Lactobacillus Plantarum and Acetobacter Pomorum These studies suggest Drosophila forms a very good model to understand changes in health of an organism due to changes associated with its gut microbial diversity.
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