Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is one of the most abundant of the human body biotopes. Its metabolic activity, as well as the antigenic composition, largely determine the metabolism and immunological status of the macroorganism, which, in turn, affect the local immunity of lung tissues. The pulmonary local immunity prevents the development of exogenous infections, opportunistic infections, and non-infectious diseases. The aim of the study was to identify the mechanisms of interaction of the intestinal microbiota with the components of the immune system and the pulmonary microflora, as well as the influence of intestinal microorganisms on the development of lung pathology. In this regard, the review presents data on how dysbiotic changes in the intestine affect the course of bronchial asthma, cystic fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and respiratory viral infections. The role of the intestinal microbiota in the formation of immunological resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and maintenance of anti-oncogenic processes in lung tissues is considered. Conclusion. The gut microbiota contributes greatly to the development of respiratory conditions through immunological and metabolic mechanisms. A detailed study of these mechanisms will help understand the pathogenesis of lung diseases and identify points of application of pharmacological therapy.
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