Abstract
BackgroundSickle cell anemia patients suffer from oxidative stress due to chronic inflammation and self-oxidation of sickle hemoglobin (Hb S). Chronic oxidative stress contributes to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and multiple organ damage in sickle cell disease (SCD). Thus, antioxidant medication may favorably influence the disease. Gum Arabic (GA), edible, dried, gummy exudates from Acacia Senegal tree, has been claimed to act as an anti-oxidant and cytoprotective agent, protecting against experimental hepatic, renal and cardiac toxicities in rats. We hypothesized that regular intake of GA increases anti-oxidant capacity and reduce oxidative stress.MethodsForty-seven patients (5–42 years) carrying hemoglobin SS were recruited. Patients received 30 g/day GA for 12 weeks. Total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were measured by spectrophotometric methods before and after GA intake. Complete blood count was measured by sysmex.ResultsGum Arabic significantly increased TAC level P < 0.001and decreased the oxidative markers MDA (P < 0.05) and H2O2 (P < 0.005).ConclusionsGA has potent anti- oxidative properties in sickle cell anemia. The anti-oxidant effect of GA may thus favorably influence the clinical condition of this and further diseases characterized by oxidative stress.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02467257. Registered 3rd June 2015. Retrospective registration.
Highlights
Sickle cell anemia patients suffer from oxidative stress due to chronic inflammation and self-oxidation of sickle hemoglobin (Hb S)
Oral Gum Arabic intake significantly increased the level of Total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) (Fig. 1) and reduced the levels of both: MDA (Fig. 2) and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (Fig. 3)
We found significant correlation between MDA level and TWBC count (Fig. 5)
Summary
Sickle cell anemia patients suffer from oxidative stress due to chronic inflammation and self-oxidation of sickle hemoglobin (Hb S). Chronic oxidative stress contributes to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and multiple organ damage in sickle cell disease (SCD). Gum Arabic (GA), edible, dried, gummy exudates from Acacia Senegal tree, has been claimed to act as an anti-oxidant and cytoprotective agent, protecting against experimental hepatic, renal and cardiac toxicities in rats. Total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were measured by spectrophotometric methods before and after GA intake. The anti-oxidant effect of GA may favorably influence the clinical condition of this and further diseases characterized by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can damage specific molecular targets (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates etc.), Sickle cell anemia patients have high levels of oxidative stress markers and low levels of antioxidant capacity. GA was found to decrease MDA renal level on Cisplatin-Induced nephrotoxicity rat model [25]
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