Abstract
One of the most critical regulatory issues related to supersonic flight arises from limitations imposed by community noise acceptability. The most efficient way to ensure that future supersonic aircraft will meet low-noise requirements is the verification of noise emissions from the early stages of the design process. Therefore, this paper suggests guidelines for the Landing and Take-Off (LTO) noise assessment of future civil supersonic aircraft in conceptual design. The supersonic aircraft noise model is based on the semi-empirical equations employed in the early versions of the Aircraft NOise Prediction Program (ANOPP) developed by NASA, whereas sound attenuation due to atmospheric absorption has been considered in accordance with SAE ARP 866 B. The simulation of the trajectory leads to the prediction of the aircraft noise level on ground in terms of several acoustic metrics (LAmax, SEL, PNLTM and EPNL). Therefore, a dedicated validation has been performed, selecting the only available supersonic aircraft of the Aircraft Noise and Performance database (ANP), that is, the Concorde, through the matching with Noise Power Distance (NPD) curves for LAmax and SEL, obtaining a maximum prediction error of ±2.19%. At least, an application to departure and approach procedures is reported to verify the first noise estimations with current noise requirements defined by ICAO at the three certification measurement points (sideline, flyover, approach) and to draw preliminary considerations for future low-noise supersonic aircraft design.
Highlights
The recent rise in environmental concern and renewed interest in supersonic flight has involved intense scientific activity that aims to realize a new generation of sustainable supersonic aircraft [1,2,3,4,5,6,7].More than two decades ago, the Concorde project brought about a heated debate on the environmental impact of SST [8], which has led to the need for new Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) to ensure social acceptability for the generation of supersonic aircraft [9]
The accuracy of the noise model in predicting overall aircraft noise level is assessed through a dedicated validation with ANP experimental data by the evaluation of the matching with LAmax and SEL Noise Power Distance (NPD)
To enable a verification of the first noise estimations, the up-to-date Landing and Take-Off (LTO) limitations imposed for Concorde-like sized subsonic aircraft equipped with four jet-powered engines have been considered as top-level requirements, as International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 16, Volume 1, Chapter 12 [28] refers to subsonic aeroplanes noise standards for the certification of supersonic aeroplanes whose type certificate is issued after 1 January 1975
Summary
Background and Motivation The recent rise in environmental concern and renewed interest in supersonic flight has involved intense scientific activity that aims to realize a new generation of sustainable supersonic aircraft [1,2,3,4,5,6,7].More than two decades ago, the Concorde project brought about a heated debate on the environmental impact of SST [8], which has led to the need for new Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) to ensure social acceptability for the generation of supersonic aircraft [9]. One of the most controversial and least accepted features of Concorde was the high community noise level around the airports, due to the higher thrust, jet speed and lift-off speed required for taking-off [11] For this reason, one of the indispensable premises for the design of low-noise future supersonic aircraft is the integration of breakthrough technologies and flight procedures aimed at reducing noise, especially during LTO operations. To ensure that future supersonic aircraft will meet low-noise requirements, it is essential to move LTO noise evaluations up to the early stage of the design process This will imply a paradigm shift in conceptual design towards a design-to-noise approach, including the integration of noise reduction measures together with preliminary evaluations of their impact on the overall aircraft configuration. It will guarantee a significant saving in resources (time and money) and will avoid the generation of new aircraft concepts, which might not be socially acceptable
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