Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is fifth most common cancer worldwide. The German S3guideline on the diagnosis and the treatment of hepatocellular and biliary carcinoma was recently revised. Determination of the current status of thermal ablation in HCC according to the German S3guideline. Based on the current guideline and aselective literature search, the current status on indication and application of thermal ablation in HCC was revisited. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) provide similar survival when compared with surgery. Accordingly, RFA und MWA are considered first-line treatments for HCCs ≤ 3 cm in cirrhotic livers. For HCCs with diameters of 3-5 cm, acombination of transarterial chemoembolization and thermal ablation is recommended. The current S3guideline on diagnosis and treatment of HCC comprises relevant changes regarding thermal ablation in HCC. The overall role of interventional oncology procedures in the treatment of HCC was reinforced.
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