Abstract
In this article, ultrasonic guided wave propagation and interaction with the rivet hole cracks has been formulated using closed-form analytical solution while the local damage interaction, scattering, and mode conversion have been obtained from finite element analysis. The rivet hole cracks (damage) in the plate structure gives rise to the non-axisymmetric scattering of Lamb wave, as well as shear horizontal (SH) wave, although the incident Lamb wave source (primary source) is axisymmetric. The damage in the plate acts as a non-axisymmetric secondary source of Lamb wave and SH wave. The scattering of Lamb and SH waves are captured using wave damage interaction coefficient (WDIC). The scatter cubes of complex-valued WDIC are formed that can describe the 3D interaction (frequency, incident direction, and azimuth direction) of Lamb waves with the damage. The scatter cubes are fed into the exact analytical framework to produce the time domain signal. This analysis enables us to obtain the optimum design parameters for better detection of the cracks in a multiple-rivet-hole problem. The optimum parameters provide the guideline of the design of the sensor installation to obtain the most noticeable signals that represent the presence of cracks in the rivet hole.
Highlights
The detection of various types of defects in structures—for example, corrosion, cracks, impact, and disbands—is an important research area of structural health monitoring (SHM) and nondestructive evaluation (NDE)
It should be clearly noted that in this study we focused on the fundamental Lamb wave modes (S0 and A0) and fundamental shear horizontal mode (SH0)
Exact analytical formulation has been used throughout the structure, except for the local damage area, which was analyzed using the finite element method
Summary
The detection of various types of defects in structures—for example, corrosion, cracks, impact, and disbands—is an important research area of structural health monitoring (SHM) and nondestructive evaluation (NDE). Development of corrosion and fatigue cracks at the rivet holes and fasteners in the aircraft structures is the most frequent problem encountered in aircraft maintenance. The cracks can grow to a critical size and jeopardize the structural integrity if they remain undetected. Ultrasonic guided wave methods can be employed instead of the laborious point-by-point inspection method for fast, accurate, and efficient detection of the crack inauguration in the riveted holes
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