Abstract
Transmission of a guided mode through a graded refractive-index boundary generated beneath the mask edge in an ion-exchanged planar waveguide is considered by means of the overlap integral method and a precise electromagnetic scattering model. It is shown that, with optimized post-baking, virtually lossless transmission can be obtained for a wide range of ion-exchange parameters. Moreover, the optimum post-baking time can be found by the overlap integral method. The phase delay distortion caused by the graded boundaries is shown to be appreciable, but it can be compensated by modifying the mask profile. The magnitude of the required compensation can be evaluated by the effective index method.
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