Guided bone regeneration of chronic non-contained bone defects using a volume stable porous block TiO2 scaffold: An experimental in vivo study.

Abstract

To evaluate new lateral bone formation and lateral volume augmentation by guided bone regeneration (GBR) in chronic non-contained bone defects with the use of a non-resorbable TiO2 -block. Three buccal bone defects were created in each hemimandible of eight beagle dogs and allowed to heal for 8weeks before treatment by GBR. Each hemimandible was randomly allocated to 4- or 12-week healing time after GBR, and three intervention groups were assigned by block randomization: TiO2 block: TiO2 -scaffold and a collagen membrane, DBBM particles: Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and a collagen membrane, Empty control: Collagen membrane only. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) was used to measure the lateral bone formation and width augmentation. Histological outcomes included descriptive analysis and histomorphometric measurements. MicroCT analysis demonstrated increasing new bone formation from 4 to 12weeks of healing. The greatest width of mineralized bone was seen in the empty controls, and the largest lateral volume augmentation was observed in the TiO2 block sites. The DBBM particles demonstrated more mineralized bone in the grafted area than the TiO2 blocks, but small amounts and less than the empty control sites. The TiO2 blocks rendered the largest lateral volume augmentation but also less new bone formation compared with the DBBM particles. The most new lateral bone formation outward from the bone defect margins was observed in the empty controls, indicating that the presence of either graft material leads to slow appositional bone growth.