Guidance in eastern Europe: from ideological formation to an emerging service model

Abstract

This article analyzes major changes that have occurred in east-European guidance over the past decades. The emphasis has gradually shifted from purely ideological concerns to an interest in serving the needs of individuals. Whereas in the initial stage structural uniformity was of great importance, current views accept a degree of diversification in guidance services on the basis of regional needs and sociocultural traditions. Tangible differences seem to exist between guidance strategies that are prevalent in the Soviet Union and in certain areas of east-central Europe.