Guidance for Treatment of Pelvic Acetabular Injuries with Precise Minimally Invasive Internal Fixation Based on the Orthopaedic Surgery Robot Positioning System.

Abstract

Pelvic acetabular fracture is a common kind of fracture, mostly caused by high energy injuries. It is associated with high mortality and disability rates. The aim of surgical treatment of pelvic acetabular fractures is to restore the symmetry and stability of the pelvic ring structure and the anatomical structure of acetabular. Open reduction internal fixation is often used for the treatment of such fractures, but open surgery is in cases of serious injury, more bleeding, and high risk of infection. With the development of minimally invasive technology and the concept of the bone channel structure, the percutaneous lag screw technique for the treatment of pelvic and acetabular fractures has been applied in clinical practice and has proven to be effective. However, the anatomical structure of the pelvis and acetabulum is complex, and there are many important nerves and vessels adjacent to it. Traditional fluoroscopy screw placement is prone to screw malposition, and even minor angle changes may lead to screw perforation and damage of nerve vessels. The problem of radiation exposure is also noteworthy. Robotic‐assisted surgery can be used to carry out screw position planning through preoperative imaging, intraoperative real‐time tracking, and mechanical arm assistance to ensure that the screw placement position is consistent with the planning. In this way, robotic‐assisted surgery can be used to accurately insert lag screws, and can reduce surgical risk and radiation exposure. This guide uses the TiRobot system as an example to describe the application of robot surgery in detail, aiming at standardizing the application of robots in orthopaedic surgery.