Abstract

More than half of the world’s current population resides in urban areas to compare to just 30% in the 1950s. The process of urbanization leads to exurban sprawl, the formation of slums, scattered workplaces, and aging infrastructure. These may cause huge inefficiencies in energy use, traffic, governance, waste management, and pollution, among others. To overcome these social, economic, and environmental challenges, public and private sectors invest heavily in smart city technologies. However, the risks of using smart technologies due to security breaches and cyberattacks in critical sectors should be well addressed.

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