Abstract

Electromagnetics lay the foundation of electronic, electrical, and computer science technology. Without it, we would not have electric power, cars, radios, cellular phones, computers, and many more technologies that we take for granted; our world would be totally different and our professions in electrical and computer engineering would not exist. Human beings have long known about electromagnetism and early devices include the compass and signaling fire lights. A beautiful theory of the electromagnetic field was put forward by James Clerk Maxwell and later reformulated by Oliver Heaviside and Heinrich Hertz, all of them being among the 19th century greatest physicists and mathematicians. Today, when we deal with electromagnetic problems that embody power, radio, microwave, terahertz, and optical applications, we have to solve Maxwell’s equations, although approximate models of Maxwell’s equations, circuits and lump elements, are often used, especially at low frequencies.

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