Abstract

Neonatal health in developing countries has only recently emerged as a public health priority. In the 1980s and 1990s, the Child Survival Revolution focused on interventions that showed the greatest potential to reduce mortality and morbidity among children under 5 years of age. The implementation of several child survival programs — including childhood immunizations, antibiotics to treat pneumonia, oral rehydration fluids to control diarrheal disease,and nutrition monitoring and intervention — led to steady decreases in child mortality in many countries. Since parallel improvements in neonatal survival were small, many in the public health community then believed that neonatal interventions could only be effective in countries with better and easily accessible health care facilities. Thus, as under-five mortality decreased overall, neonatal deaths made up an increasing share of under-five mortality.

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