Abstract

The era of wireless communications began at the turn of the 20th century, when Guglielmo Marconi used electromagnetic waves to transmit telegraph signals from ships to stations onshore <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</xref> . To understand how radio signals propagate is critical for wireless communication system design. With the development of wireless communications, much effort has been made to characterize radio propagation in different frequency bands and physical environments. Radio propagation and wireless channel modeling are essential for communication system simulation, channel emulator design, wireless system planning and optimization, and the development of regulations and standards in wireless communications <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[2]</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[3]</xref> .

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