Guava Leaf Extract Diminishes Hyperglycemia and Oxidative Stress, Prevents β-Cell Death, Inhibits Inflammation, and Regulates NF-kB Signaling Pathway in STZ Induced Diabetic Rats.

Muthukumaran Jayachandran,Stephen Sum Man Chung,Ranga Rao Ambati,Baojun Xu,Ramachandran Vinayagam

doi:10.1155/2018/4601649

Abstract

Traditional Chinese medication has been utilized by Chinese medical practitioners to treat the varied symptoms of diabetes mellitus (DM). Notably, guava leaf has been used to treat diabetes in Asia. Our present study has been designed to analyze the action of guava leaf extract (GLE) at the molecular level in treating DM. A low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce experimental diabetes in animals. Rats were treated with GLE at different concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w.). The standard drug glibenclamide (GB) (600 μg/kg b.w.) was used for comparison. The diabetic rats showed a reduced level of insulin, accompanied by exaggerated levels of blood glucose, lipid peroxidation product, and augmented expressions of inflammatory cytokines, and showed reduced levels of antioxidants compared to the control rats. Supplementation with GLE counteracted the consequences of STZ. It suppresses the oxidative stress and inhibits the state of inflammation and the results are almost similar to that of standard drug group (GB group 5). Our present research, therefore, provides useful data concerning guava leaf extract by a thorough assessment in diabetes management. Being a natural product, additional analysis on GLE can shed light on finding effective phytochemicals within the field of diabetes mellitus.

Highlights

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases resulting in an increased blood glucose level
There is enough proof to demonstrate that hyperglycemia plays an important role in initiating oxidative stress and different complications associated with DM
20 GG (E) (a) study by Kobayashi et al [36], the results suggest that the oral administration of guava leaf extract at two different concentrations of 200 and 2000 mg/kg/day caused no abnormal toxic effects in rats which indicates that guava leaf extract has no side effects even at very high doses

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases resulting in an increased blood glucose level (hyperglycemia). An imbalance within the redox status or the production and detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) end up in injury to varied tissues and the condition is termed as oxidative stress. Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a 15 m height tree with numerous nutritional values. The guava leaves conjointly cure numerous other diseases [11]. A study states that to treat the inflammation of the kidney, the fresh guava leaves are used [12]. There’s less systematic study on the effectiveness, let alone the mechanism of guava leaf in treating diabetes.

Materials and Methods

Biochemical Parameters

Results

Discussion