Guía para el tratamiento del infarto cerebral agudo

Abstract

IntroductionUpdate of Acute Ischaemic Stroke Treatment Guidelines of the Spanish Neurological Society based on a critical review of the literature. Recommendations are made based on levels of evidence from published data and studies. DevelopmentOrganized systems of care should be implemented to ensure access to the optimal management of all acute stroke patients in stroke units. Standard of care should include treatment of blood pressure (should only be treated if values are over 185/105mmHg), treatment of hyperglycaemia over 155mg/dl, and treatment of body temperature with antipyretic drugs if it rises above 37.5°C. Neurological and systemic complications must be prevented and promptly treated. Decompressive hemicraniectomy should be considered in cases of malignant cerebral oedema. Intravenous thrombolysis with rtPA should be administered within 4.5hours from symptom onset, except when there are contraindications. Intra-arterial pharmacological thrombolysis can be considered within 6hours, and mechanical thrombectomy within 8hours from onset, for anterior circulation strokes, while a wider window of opportunity up to 12-24hours is feasible for posterior strokes. There is not enough evidence to recommend routine use of the so called neuroprotective drugs. Anticoagulation should be administered to patients with cerebral vein thrombosis. Rehabilitation should be started as early as possible. ConclusionTreatment of acute ischaemic stroke includes management of patients in stroke units. Systemic thrombolysis should be considered within 4.5hours from symptom onset. Intra-arterial approaches with a wider window of opportunity can be an option in certain cases. Protective and restorative therapies are being investigated