GTPase-activating protein and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase bind to distinct regions of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta subunit.

Abstract

In response to binding of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), the PDGF receptor (PDGFR) beta subunit is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues and associates with numerous signal transduction enzymes, including the GTPase-activating protein of ras (GAP) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Previous studies have shown that association of PI3K requires phosphorylation of tyrosine 751 (Y751) in the kinase insert and that this region of receptor forms at least a portion of the binding site for PI3K. In this study, the in vitro binding of GAP to the PDGFR was investigated. Like PI3K, GAP associates only with receptors that have been permitted to autophosphorylate, and GAP itself does not require tyrosine phosphate in order to stably associate with the phosphorylated PDGFR. To define which tyrosine residues are required for GAP binding, a panel of PDGFR phosphorylation site mutants was tested. Mutation of Y771 reduced the amount of GAP that associates to an undetectable level. In contrast, the F771 (phenylalanine at 771) mutant bound wild-type levels of PI3K, whereas the F740 and F751 mutants bound 3 and 23%, respectively, of the wild-type levels of PI3K but wild-type levels of GAP. The F740/F751 double mutant associated with wild-type levels of GAP, but no detectable PI3K activity, while the F740/F751/F771 triple mutant could not bind either GAP or PI3K. The in vitro and in vivo associations of GAP and PI3K activity to these PDGFR mutants were indistinguishable. The distinct tyrosine residue requirements suggest that GAP and PI3K bind different regions of the PDGFR. This possibility was also supported by the observation that the antibody to the PDGFR kinase insert Y751 region that blocks association of PI3K had only a minor effect on the in vitro binding of GAP. In addition, highly purified PI3K and GAP associated in the absence of other cellular proteins and neither cooperated nor competed with each other's binding to the PDGFR. Taken together, these studies indicate that GAP and PI3K bind directly to the PDGFR and have discrete binding sites that include portions of the kinase insert domain.