Abstract
Objectives To investigate the effects of homozygous deletions of GSTM1 and GSTT1 and smoking on bladder cancer, we conducted a case-control and ecological study. Methods The case group consisted of 216 patients with bladder cancer and the control group of 449 healthy Koreans. Every subject was personally interviewed to obtain a detailed smoking history, and a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect the presence or absence of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes. In the ecological study, age-standardized bladder cancer incidence and frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1-null types, estimated prevalence of cigarette smoking, and estimated per capita consumption of cigarettes per adult according to nationality and ethnicity were included. Results In the Korean case-control data, smoking history and the GSTT1-null genotype were significantly associated with bladder cancer, and the GSTM1-null genotype was not. In the univariate and multivariate analyses with the ecological data of various countries and ethnic groups, cigarette smoking positively, but the frequency of the GSTT1-null type negatively, correlated with the age-standardized bladder cancer incidence. Conclusions These results suggest that the GSTT1-negative genotype might not be a risk factor but a protective factor of bladder cancer.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.