Abstract
This study investigated the use of glutathione as a marker to establish a correlation between plasma parameters and the resultant liquid chemistry from two distinct sources to predefined biological outcomes. Two different plasma sources were operated at parameters that resulted in similar biological responses: cell viability, mitochondrial activity, and the cell surface display of calreticulin. Specific glutathione modifications appeared to be associated with biological responses elicited by plasma. These modifications were more pronounced with increased treatment time for the European Cooperation in Science and Technology Reference Microplasma Jet (COST-Jet) and increased frequency for the dielectric barrier discharge and were correlated with more potent biological responses. No correlations were found when cells or glutathione were exposed to exogenously added long-lived species alone. This implied that short-lived species and other plasma components were required for the induction of cellular responses, as well as glutathione modifications. These results showed that comparisons of medical plasma sources could not rely on measurements of long-lived chemical species; rather, modifications of biomolecules (such as glutathione) might be better predictors of cellular responses to plasma exposure.
Highlights
Atmospheric pressure plasmas have been shown to exhibit beneficial outcomes for biomedical applications in wound healing [1], cancer [2], and other diseases
We showed that exogenously added long-lived species alone were not responsible for inducing these biological changes
Our results showed that changes in a marker, such as GSH, could elucidate the plasma-generated chemistry unique to each source and might correlate with potential biological applications for the plasma source
Summary
Atmospheric pressure plasmas have been shown to exhibit beneficial outcomes for biomedical applications in wound healing [1], cancer [2], and other diseases. These outcomes are attributed to direct or indirect exposure of tissues to plasma-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Investigations correlating the possible biological responses induced by plasma treatment to plasma parameters and components are typically limited to the source used. Understanding how plasma generated RONS, UV, and electric fields affect cells will allow devices to be tailored for specific biological applications and eventually guide the community toward the determination of the “effective plasma dose” of each device
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