Growth response of coffee tree shoots and roots to subsurface liming

Abstract

In the greenhouse growth of two coffee-tree varieties, Catuai (sensitive) and Icatu (tolerant) to aluminum, was evaluated in surface-fertilized and limed soil following subsurface treatment with seven lime levels (0.0; 0.49; 1.7; 2.9; 4.1; 6.6 and 9.3 t/ha). Plants were grown for 6.5 months in soils in PVC columns, subdivided into two horizons. In the lower 12 – 34 cm depth horizon, soil Al saturation varied between 93 and 0%. For both varieties evaluated, shoot dry weight and leaf area remained unchanged following limestone application. This fact shows that surface layer correction permitted normal shoot growth. High Al saturation resulted in decrease of root dry weight percent, root length percent and root surface percent in the 12–34 cm horizon, which were compensated by higher percentages of these properties in the upper 0–12 cm horizon. The ratio between root surface – root dry matter (cm2/g) of Catuai variety was increased by limestone application to the lower soil horizons, indicating that roots turn longer and thinner, when Al soil saturation decreased. This also shows a great sensitivity to Al of the Catuai variety. In contrast, in the Icatu variety, all root characteristics remained stable at all levels of Al tested.