Growth Regulators Affect the Growth and Biochemical Activity of Curcuma longa Plants Grown in vitro

Meire Pereira De Souza Ferrari,Jessica Rezende Trettel,Hélida Mara Magalhães,Matheus Marquezini De Andrade,Mayara Dos Santos Queiroz

doi:10.5539/jas.v11n10p277

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro growth and biochemical activity of Curcuma longa explants using different MS medium formulations and growth regulators. In all the experiments, plants were grown in MS medium supplemented with agar (6.5 g L-1) and pH adjusted to 5.8. In the first assay, the MS culture medium at 70% strength, supplemented with 30 g L-1 of sucrose, and without the addition of activated carbon, resulted in the highest number of shoots. The sucrose concentration of 60 g L-1, combined with the addition of actived charcoalin half-strength MS medium, resulted in the increased root dry mass, root collar diameter, and relative chlorophyll index. In the second assay, the highest root collar diameter and dry matter of shoots and roots were found in the MS medium supplemented with 4.44 BAP, 0.46 KIN, and 1.08 NAA. The MS medium with 8.88 BAP, 0.92 KIN, and 2.16 &mu;M NAA resulted in the highest number of shoots (7.75), number of leaves (35), and shoot length (88.57 mm). The antioxidant activity was significantly higher in the treatments that resulted in better plantlets growth performance, demonstrating that the antioxidant activity is related to other factors such as a possible role of growth regulators on the elicitation of compounds in plants. Superoxide dismutase had a high enzymatic activity in both assays, whereas the enzymatic activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase was dependent on the culture media used.

Highlights

Curcuma longa belongs to family Zingiberaceae and is a perennial herbaceous plant that has a rhizome with high nutrient contents and secondary metabolism compounds (Raina et al, 2005)
Most micropropagation studies have reported that the application of factors isolated from the culture medium, and the responses obtained in previous assays, are not always replicated because of the effect of micropropagation protocol composition on explant growth
It is necessary to investigate how the morphogenic responses are modified with the composition of the culture medium, and how this can alter the metabolism of plants under in vitro conditions (Grout, 2017)

Summary

Introduction

Curcuma longa belongs to family Zingiberaceae and is a perennial herbaceous plant that has a rhizome with high nutrient contents and secondary metabolism compounds (Raina et al, 2005). For the production of C. longa plantlets, the most widely used method is vegetative propagation through the multiplication of rhizomes (Faridah et al, 2011). This practice has some limitations, especially because the rhizomes are used for the commercialization and extraction of essential oils. The C. longa cultivators are obligated to allocate a part of the total rhizome yield for planting in new cultivation areas. Another limiting factor is that rhizomes may be contaminated by pathogenic fungi

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