Abstract
We address the hypothesis that keeping kids and mothers together would have positive effects on the milk composition of the mother and the behaviour of the kids. Kids were either permanently separated (SEP), daily separated between 7.30 and 15 h (DAY-SEP) or kept with mothers 24 h/d (NON-SEP). The NON-SEP kids were only allowed to suckle one teat. All kids had similar growth rate throughout the study (lactation days 5-70). DAY-SEP kids spent 24% of their time with their mother at both ages. NON-SEP spent only 15% of the time with their mothers at 2 weeks of age and this increased to 28% at 2 months of age. NON-SEP kids showed more hiding behaviour at 2 weeks and SEP were more active alone, at both 2 weeks and 2 months, compared to the other treatments. The mean available milk yield and fat concentration were higher in DAY-SEP goats (2420 g ± 119 g and 4.9 ± 0.1%) compared with NON-SEP goats (2149 ± 79 g and 4.4 ± 0.1%). There were no differences between DAY-SEP and NON-SEP goats in total protein, lactose, or casein concentrations. Based on these data it was estimated that 7.1 kg milk was needed to produce 1 kg semi-hard cheese in DAY-SEP goats and 7.5 kg in NON-SEP goats, respectively. When comparing milk yield and composition between udder halves, the milk yield was, as expected, higher from the machine milked teat than from the suckled one in the NON-SEP goats but there was no difference between right and left udder halves in DAY-SEP goats. Milk fat concentration varied between teats at morning and afternoon milkings in NON-SEP goats, but there was no difference in milk fat between udder-halves in DAY-SEP goats. In conclusion, the kid growth rate was similar in all treatments, however, an altered behaviour was seen in permanently separated kids (SEP). The results show that it is possible to have a high milk yield and fat concentration with one kid together with the dam.
Highlights
Dairy goats can be kept in intensive, semi-intensive or extensive management systems (FAO, 2014)
Högberg et al (2016) showed that in systems with partial goat-kid contact, suckling before machine milking increased milk fat concentration compared to goats machine milked before suckling, and that goats kept with their kids for 16 h/d had higher milk fat concentration, casein concentration and curd yield compared with goats kept together with their kids for 8 h/d
The weekly weight gain varied more in DAY-separated kids (SEP) kids compared to the other treatments but there was
Summary
Dairy goats can be kept in intensive, semi-intensive or extensive management systems (FAO, 2014). It has been shown that keeping mother and offspring together can influence saleable milk production and cheese yield positively in dairy sheep (Knight et al, 1993; McKusick et al, 2001, 2002; Rassu et al, 2015) and goats (Högberg et al, 2016) These systems are especially appropriate for high yielding animals as the offspring normally cannot empty the udder (Marnet and Komara, 2008) and Delgado-Pertinez et al (2009a, 2009b) such that large amounts of milk are left for human consumption. In the present study NON-SEP kids were kept with their mothers permanently but they were only allowed to suckle one teat while the other was covered with a bra to prevent suckling By this half udder system, samples were taken from machine milked and suckled teats separately. DAY-SEP kids (the other treatment in the present study) were allowed to suckle both teats but samples were collected from left and right udder half separately
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