Growth performance of different breed crosses of chicks fed diets with different protein and energy sources

Abstract

Six experiments (EXP) were conducted to evaluate growth performance of different breed crosses of broiler chicks fed diets containing soybean meal, soy protein isolate (SPI), soy protein concentrate (SPC), or rice and casein. Cornish x Plymouth Rock (C x PR; EXP 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6) or New Hampshire x Columbian (NH x C; EXP 2 and 4) cross chicks were used. The chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) diet before allotment to treatment. The age of the chicks ranged from 5 to 9 d posthatching at the start of the EXP, and the assay periods ranged from 8 to 14 d. Initial weights were 194.9, 96.1, 102.1, 84.7 [84.1 (C x PR) or 85.3 (NH x C)], 101.8, and 145.1 g in EXP 1 to 6, respectively. A completely randomized design was used in all EXP, and treatments were replicated four to six times with four or five chicks each. All diets were formulated to meet the NRC nutrient requirements of chicks. In EXP 1 (C x PR male chicks) and EXP 2 (NH x C female chicks), gain and gain:feed (G:F) were greater (P < 0.01) in chicks fed the C-SBM diet compared with chicks fed diets containing SPI. In EXP 3, C x PR chicks were fed a C-SBM diet, a SPI-dextrose-cornstarch diet (dextrose:cornstarch, 1:1) formulated by Louisiana State University Agricultural Center (LSU) or a similar SPI diet (dextrose:cornstarch, 0.53:1) formulated by the University of Illinois (UI). Daily gain, average daily feed intake (ADFI), and G:F were increased (P < 0.01) in chicks fed the C-SBM diet relative to chicks fed the two SPI diets, and there were only minor differences between the two SPI diets. In EXP 4, the C x PR and NH x C male chicks were fed the same diets used in EXP 3. Daily gain and ADFI were greater in the C x PR and NH x C chicks fed the C-SBM diet relative to chicks fed the SPI diets (P < 0.01), but the increased average daily gain (ADG) and ADFI in chicks fed the C-SBM diet were much greater in the C x PR chicks (chick x C-SBM vs. SPI, P < 0.01). Daily gain, ADFI, and G:F were greater (P < 0.01) in C x PR chicks than in NH x C chicks. In EXP 5, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were greater (P < 0.04) in chicks fed the C-SBM diet compared with those fed a C-SPC diet. In EXP 6, C x PR chicks fed the C-SBM diet grew faster (P < 0.09) than those fed a rice and casein diet. Variable effects of diet on growth of chicks were affected by breed crosses of chicks.