Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is produced by fungus of the genus Fusarium (Fusarium verticiloides and F. proliferatum), and occurs predominantly in maize. The consumption of feed contaminated with FB1 has been reported to cause deleterious effects in some fish species. This study was designed to determine the effects of dietary FB1 on growth and lipids profile of Clarias gariepinus. 450 juvenile catfish were stocked into 5 groups of tanks consisting of 3 tanks per group and fed one of five diets amended with FB1 (0.0 mg; 10.0 mg; 20.0 mg; 40.0 mg and 80.0 mg FB1/kg) for 56 days. At time point’s day 7, 14, 28 and 56, five fish were sampled from each tank weighted, length measured and bled for of lipids profile determinations. Results show that there was a significant reduction (P 1 compared with those fed control diet; also, there was a significant reduction (P 1 compared with the control. The specific growth rate and the feed conversion ratio at 56 days shows fish fed 0.0 mg FB1/kg had the highest specific growth rate (0.39 ± 0.14%/day) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (0.59 ± 0.01) whereas, fish fed 80.0 mg FB1/kg had the least specific growth rate (0.07% ± 0.01%/day) and the highest feed conversion ratio (1.95 ± 0.11). Dietary FB1 caused significant increases (P 1 at an inclusion rate ≥ 20 mg FB1/kg of diet produced significant reduction in weight gain and hyperlipidemia marked by hypercholesterolemia, increased blood high-density lipid cholesterol, increased blood low-density lipid cholesterol, elevated blood triglycerides and elevated sphinganine-sphingosine ratio.
Highlights
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by fungus of the genus Fusarium (Fusarium verticiloides and F. proliferatum), and occurs predominantly in maize and in products made from maize [1]
Previous studies of the toxicity of FB1 in other fish species have shown that age, weight and the duration of exposure modulates the susceptibility to FB1. [7], reported dosages of up to 20 mg FB1/kg reduced weight gain in 1.2 g Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) compared with the controls while the thresh hold for toxicity in larger fish (6.1 g) was higher (40.0 mg FB1/kg); the same authors further noted that, 2 years old channel catfish exposed to FB1 for 98 days gained less weight only at concentrations above 80.0 mg FB1/kg
The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the fish exposed to FB1 was significantly increased when compared to fish fed the control feed, indicating these groups of fish needed to consume more feed to produce the same weight gain as the control fish similar to the findings of [27] in broiler chicks
Summary
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by fungus of the genus Fusarium (Fusarium verticiloides and F. proliferatum), and occurs predominantly in maize and in products made from maize [1]. The reduction of sphingolipids by FB1 alters the control of cellular growth and cell-cell interactions with a resultant elevation of sphingoid bases [2]. The accumulation of the sphingoid bases and their metabolites alters phosphatidic acid phosphatase and monoacylglycerol acyltransferase activity with a concomitant interruption of phospholipids and fatty acid biosynthesis [2] [3]. The Clariid fish Clarias gariepinus is the largest group of cultured fish species in Nigeria [9]. These fish species are preferred because they command a good commercial value [10], and they are generally considered to be hardy and easy to culture [10] [11]. Aside from the report of [15], on the effects of fumonisin B1 on growth and haematology of Clarias gariepinus catfish fingerlings, there is a paucity of information on the effects of dietary FB1 on the lipids profile of clariid catfishes; this study was designed to determine the effects of dietary fumonisin B1 on growth and the lipids profile of Clarias gariepinus catfish following dietary FB1 exposure
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