Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing corn–soybean meal-based diets with a multienzyme on growth performance, bone mineralization, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients of growing pigs. A total of 276 pigs (body weight [BW] = 33.99 ± 4.3 kg) were housed by sex in 45 pens of 6 or 7 pigs and fed 5 diets (9 pens/diet) in a randomized complete block design. Diets were positive control (PC); and negative control 1 (NC1) or negative control 2 (NC2) without or with multienzyme. The multienzyme used supplied at least 1,800, 1,244, 6,600, and 1,000 units of xylanase, β-glucanase, arabinofuranosidase, and phytase per kilogram of diet, respectively. The PC diet was adequate in all nutrients according to NRC recommendations and had greater digestible P content than NC1 or NC2 diet by 0.134 percentage points. The PC diet had greater net energy (NE) and standardized ileal digestible amino acids (AA) content than NC1 diet by 3%, and than NC2 diet by 5%. The diets were fed in 4 phases based on BW: Phase 1: 34–50 kg; Phase 2: 50–75 kg; Phase 3: 75–100 kg; and Phase 4: 100–120 kg. Nutrient digestibility and bone mineralization were determined at the end of Phase 1. Overall (34–120 kg BW), pigs fed the PC and NC1 diets did not differ in average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake. Pigs fed NC2 diet had lower (P < 0.05) ADG and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) than those fed PC diet. Pigs fed PC diet had greater (P < 0.05) bone ash content and ATTD of P than those fed NC1 diet. The ATTD of GE for PC diet was greater (P < 0.05) than that for NC2 diet, and tended to be greater (P < 0.10) than that for NC1 diet. Multienzyme interacted (P < 0.05) with negative control diet type on overall ADG and AID of GE such that multienzyme did not affect overall ADG and AID of GE for the NC1 diet, but increased (P < 0.05) overall ADG and AID of GE for NC2 diet by 5.09 and 8.74%, respectively. Multienzyme did not interact with negative control diet type on overall G:F, bone ash content, AID of AA, and ATTD of nutrients. Multienzyme increased (P < 0.05) overall G:F, AID of methionine, ATTD of GE and P, and tended to increase (P = 0.056) bone ash content. The ADG, bone ash content, and ATTD of GE and P for the multienzyme-supplemented diets were similar to (P > 0.10) PC diet. Thus, NE and digestible AA and P can be lowered by ≤5% in multienzyme-supplemented diets without effects on growth performance and bone ash of pigs.
Highlights
The major sources of nutrients in swine diets are plant origin feedstuffs
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation multienzyme product that contain xylanase, arabinofuranosidase, β-glucanase, and phytase activities on nutrient digestibility, bone mineralization, and growth performance of grow– finish pigs fed corn–wheat–wheat bran–soybean meal-based diets that are low in net energy (NE), standardized ileal digestible amino acids (AA), Ca, and standardized total tract digestible P
The xylanase activity was undetectable in the positive control (PC), negative control 1 (NC1), and negative control 2 (NC2) diets
Summary
The major sources of nutrients in swine diets are plant origin feedstuffs. These feedstuffs contain some antinutritional factors, which limit nutrient utilization. Some of the important antinutritional factors present in these feedstuffs include phytic acid and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). Phytic acid contain P, which is poorly digested by pigs because they do not produce sufficient amounts of phytase to liberate phytic acidbound P (Woyengo and Nyachoti, 2011). Phytic acid reduces digestibility of other nutrients including cations and amino acids (AA) by binding them (Woyengo and Nyachoti, 2013). The NSP are poorly digested by swine and can reduce nutrient availability for digestion and absorption partly by encapsulation and viscosity (Bedford and Partridge, 2010; Bedford and Schulze, 1998; Woyengo et al, 2016). Phytic acid and NSP can have negative effects on environment due to increased excretion of unabsorbed nutrients, especially N and P (Woyengo et al, 2008b)
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