Abstract
Background: Culturing of cells is typically performed on standard tissue culture plates generating growth conditions, which in general do not reflect the native three-dimensional cellular environment. Recent investigations provide insights in parameters, which strongly affect the general cellular behavior triggering essential processes such as cell differentiation. The physical properties of the used material, such as stiffness, roughness, or topology, as well as the chemical composition of the cell-surface interface are shown to play a key role in the initiation of particular cellular responses. Methods: We extended our previous research, which identified thin films of metallo-supramolecular coordination polyelectrolytes (MEPEs) as substrate to trigger the differentiation of muscular precursor cells. Results: Here, we show that the same MEPEs similarly stimulate the osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblasts. Remarkably, MEPE modified surfaces also trigger the differentiation of primary bone derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) towards the osteogenic lineage. Conclusion: This result leads to the conclusion that these surfaces individually support the specification of cell differentiation toward lineages that correspond to the natural commitment of the particular cell types. We, therefore, propose that Fe-MEPEs may be used as scaffold for the treatment of defects at least in muscular or bone tissue.
Highlights
In a previous study, we investigated the influence of Fe-metallo-supramolecular coordination polyelectrolytes (MEPEs) modified surfaces on the differentiation of pre-myoblastic C2C12 cells in standard cell culture medium [1]
The current investigation employing MG63 cells grown on Fe-MEPE modified substrates suggest initiation of osteogenic differentiation by both, high cell activity and altered morphology of the cells and/or cluster formation
MG63 cells seem to best differentiate to osteoplastic lineages if grown on these substrates, which is further supported by the occurrence of Alizarin red stained clusters (Figure 2)
Summary
We investigated the influence of Fe-MEPE modified surfaces on the differentiation of pre-myoblastic C2C12 cells in standard cell culture medium [1]. To verify the hypothesis that culturing cells on Fe-MEPE modified surfaces might in general stimulate cell differentiation towards pre-determined differentiation lineages, we extended our investigations on differentiation of the human. Using standard cell culture plates differentiation of MG63 cells generally requires addition of special agents such as ascorbic acid and dexamethasone [3,4]. Dexamethasone primarily promotes cell proliferation whereas ascorbic acid induces expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin [6,7] Despite of their osseous origin, BMSCs can be differentiated towards different lineages in vitro such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, astrocytes, neurons, skeletal, and cardiac muscles [8,9,10,11]. The physical properties of the used material, such as stiffness, roughness, or topology, as well as the chemical composition of the cell-surface interface are shown to play a key role in the initiation of particular cellular responses
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