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Abstract
The effect of crude oil contaminated soil on the growth of seashore Paspalum ( Paspalum vaginatum .) seedlings was investigated. Plants were grown in soil containing different concentrations: 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 3% (w/w) of Abura crude petroleum oil. Growth parameter such as shoot number, shoot length, leaf area and biomass accumulation were evaluated. The results showed that crude oil imposed physiological stress in the seedlings. There was a dose response decline in all the growth attributes examined. There was also a significant difference in plant growth with respect to time of crude oil application. At the highest applied concentration(3 % [w/w]), plants grown in soil previously contaminated with petroleum oil showed about 50 % reduction in biomass accumulation when compared with the uncontaminated control whereas established plants post -treated with crude petroleum oil showed a 30% reduction. There was no mortality at any of the crude oil concentrations to which to plant was exposed. The experiment demonstrated the potential of using Paspalum vaginatum for phytoremediation
Highlights
Mangroves are an important part of estuarine and coastal ecosystems
The ecological impacts of oil on specific habitats has been studied by many authors, and clear differences are observed between sensitive taxa, massive oil spills are the most visible form of oil pollution, less dramatic forms –e.g. due to loading/unloading operations, refinery waste, urban runoff are common In Nigeria, data describing dose-response relationship of plants to oil and which document their oil tolerance limits are few
The crude oil was the Abura well was obtained from the Nigerian Petroleum Development Company (NPDC) Nigeria Ltd., Warri, Nigeria
Summary
Mangroves are an important part of estuarine and coastal ecosystems. A significant amount of petroleum oil is refined, stored, or transported through the mangrove ecosystem in Nigeria and as a result, the risk of an oil spill affecting this important ecosystem is high. Oil spillages are frequently reported in Nigeria due to blowouts from oil wells, leakages of oil pipelines and oil well heads, equipment failure during oil production and transportation ( Nwilo,1998). Oil spills both off shore and on-shore, may, via tidal effect, move to intertidal areas, especially the mangrove zone and cause great damage. There is need to characterize the sensitivity of Nigerian flora to crude oil and its refined products This will form part of the necessary data base which can be used during environmental sensitivity index mapping, environmental audit and environmental impact assessment studies The objectives of this work were to determine: ( i) the sensitivity of Paspalum vaginatum to crude petroleum oil and (ii) whether Paspalum vaginatum transplants can potentially be used for revegetating oil contaminated sites in wetland environments
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