Abstract
A study was conducted to compare growth and feed utilization of Oreochromis aureus fed graded levels of coffee pulp (CoP) and reared in aquaria or in pens. Diets contained 0, 130, 260 and 390 g kg −1 of oven-dried CoP. In aquaria, fish receiving increasing dietary CoP levels (from 0 to 390 g kg −1) showed a progressive reduction in final body weight, growth rate and protein efficiency ratio (PER) ( P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly higher at 390 g kg −1 dietary CoP. Dietary CoP reduced digestibility of dietary dry matter and carbohydrate. In pens, CoP inclusions led to reduced final weight, growth rate and PER but to a much smaller extent than in aquaria. Fish fed the diet with 130 g kg −1 CoP had similar growth and feed utilization (PER and FCR) to those fed the control diet ( P>0.05). High dietary fibre levels together with the presence of antinutritional factors (ANFs) in CoP diets may explain why tilapia grew less and had lower feed utilization. Natural productivity of the pond could explain why results in pens were better than in aquaria. Results indicated that inclusion of CoP in tilapia diets might be limited to no more than 130 g kg −1 when fish are raised in earthen ponds and natural food is available.
Highlights
Coffee pulp (CoP) is the first residue obtained during processing of coffee berries, and it represents about 40% of the whole berry (Montero, 1992)
That suggestion was not corroborated by the results of Ulloa and van Weerd (1997) who found reduced growth and feed digestibility in tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) receiving graded levels of coffee pulp (CoP) (0, 130, 260 and 390 g kg À 1), which had been pretreated with NaOH and contained strongly reduced levels of antinutritional factors (ANFs)
A comparative experiment was designed to study this topic in more detail, and similar diets containing graded levels of CoP were fed to tilapia grown either in aquaria or in an earthen pond
Summary
Coffee pulp (CoP) is the first residue obtained during processing of coffee berries, and it represents about 40% of the whole berry (on a wet basis) (Montero, 1992). There are few records where the inclusion of CoP has been tested in a comprehensive and systematic way These studies used one dietary level of CoP (e.g. 300 g kg À 1 for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and catfish (Clarias mossambicus) (Christensen, 1981) or did a laboratory study only (e.g. graded levels from 0 to 300 g kg À 1 for catfish (Clarias isheriensis), Fagbenro and Arowosoge, 1991). A possible explanation for the difference between culture systems is that in fishponds, the nutritionally negative effects of CoP may be masked by the available natural food For this reason, a comparative experiment was designed to study this topic in more detail, and similar diets containing graded levels of CoP were fed to tilapia grown either in aquaria or in an earthen pond
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