Growth of nursing pigs related to the characteristics of nursed mammary glands.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine growth performance of nursing pigs in relationship to teat order and to observe teat preference by pigs. In the first experiment, litter size of 13 primiparous sows was adjusted to 9 (8.7 +/- 1.5) pigs and teat order of each litter was observed on the day before slaughter. Another group of eight sows was killed on d 0 (within 12 h after farrowing). In the second experiment, litter size was adjusted to 9 (8.9 +/- 1.4) pigs for 20 primiparous sows and teat order for each litter was observed 1 d before slaughter. The weights of sows and individual pigs were recorded at farrowing, weekly, and on the day before slaughter. Mammary glands were collected at slaughter on d 21 of lactation and trimmed of skin and the extraneous fat pad. Individual glands were separated, weighed, and ground for measurement of dry matter, dry fat-free tissue, protein, fat, ash, and DNA contents. Middle mammary glands had the greatest wet weight among glands obtained within 12 h after weaning (P < .05). For sows completing the 21 d lactation, only glands known to have been nursed were included in the data sets. Greater than 60% of the first four pairs of mammary glands were nursed, and less than 40% of the seventh and eighth glands were nursed by pigs during lactation. Pigs that nursed the first five pairs of anterior glands gained faster than pigs nursing the remaining glands. The first five pairs of anterior glands had greater wet and dry weights, and greater protein and DNA contents compared with the remaining glands. Pigs that nursed heavier glands gained weight faster (r = .68, P = .0001), and those heavier glands contained greater amounts of protein (r = .98, P = .0001) and DNA (r = .66, P = .0001). Variation in weight gain of pigs nursing the anterior and middle glands was not statistically significant. The functional superiority of anterior and middle glands was positively correlated with body weight gain of nursing pigs.