Growth of NH4H2PO4 crystal in urea environment to optimize linear-nonlinear optical traits for photonic device applications

Abstract

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP, NH4H2PO4) crystal are tailored by employing environmental growth in presence of urea and explore its applicability for photonic device applications. The structural parameters of pure and urea influenced ADP crystal has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis has been employed to examine the constituent elements of grown crystal. The consequence of urea surrounding on optical transparency of ADP crystal has been examined within 200–1100 nm by means of UV–vis spectral analysis. The enhancing effect of urea on second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of ADP crystal has been determined using the Kurtz-Perry test. He-Ne laser assisted Z-scan technique has been employed to assess the third order nonlinear optical (TONLO) properties of urea affected ADP crystal at 632.8 nm. The magnitude of TONLO parameters (nonlinear refraction (n2), nonlinear absorption (β) and cubic susceptibility (χ3)) has been evaluated using the Z-scan transmittance data. The thermal stability of urea influenced ADP crystal has been experimentally evaluated by means of simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis.