Abstract
ABSTRACT Agroforestry systems with eucalyptus prevail in Central and Southeast Brazil, and little information is available about systems using native trees. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the development of seven native tree species grown under two agroforestry systems. The experiment was conducted starting in 2007 in 12-hectare area in the municipality of São Carlos, São Paulo state, Brazil. The tree species planted in the two systems (a silvopastoral system and an agrisilvicultural system) were: 'capixingui' (Croton floribundus) and 'mutambo' (Guazuma ulmifolia) (tutors), 'jequitibá-branco' (Cariniana estrellensis), 'canafistula' (Peltophorum dubium) and 'ipê felpudo' (Zeyheria tuberculosa) (timber trees), and 'angico-branco' (Anadenanthera colubrina) and 'pau-jacaré' (Piptadenia gonoacantha) (N-fixing trees). Data were collected for 48 months. The results show differences among tree development, which was evaluated as growth in height and diameter, as well as sensitivity to insect and disease damage. The overall results show that the agrisilvicultural system allowed better tree development. The species with best performance in the two systems were capixingui, mutambo and canafístula. Ipê-felpudo and jequitibá-branco showed the worst results. The high variability among individuals of the same species indicates the possibility of high production advances with selective breeding of these species.
Highlights
Forest production in Brazil is based both on exploitation of native forests and forest plantations composed predominantly of exotic species (ABRAF, 2012)
The tree species planted in the two systems were: 'capixingui' (Croton floribundus) and 'mutambo' (Guazuma ulmifolia), 'jequitibá-branco' (Cariniana estrellensis), 'canafistula' (Peltophorum dubium) and 'ipê felpudo' (Zeyheria tuberculosa), and 'angico-branco' (Anadenanthera colubrina) and 'pau-jacaré' (Piptadenia gonoacantha) (N-fixing trees)
The results show differences among tree development, which was evaluated as growth in height and diameter, as well as sensitivity to insect and disease damage
Summary
Forest production in Brazil is based both on exploitation of native forests (either for timber and charcoal or products like rubber, nuts and fruits) and forest plantations (mainly for wood to produce pulp/ paper, charcoal and timber) composed predominantly of exotic species (ABRAF, 2012). An alternative that has economic potential is to implement integrated production systems that combine environmental protection with more efficient land use. These systems are being encouraged by public policies, among them the federal government’s ABC Program (Agricultura de Baixa Emissão de Carbono – Low Carbon Emission Agriculture), and by statelevel programs such as “Integra São Paulo”. With the interest of producers in diversifying the forestry base by introducing native species (RUSCHEL et al, 2003; CARPANEZZI et al, 2010), other species have been tested in these systems, in both the Atlantic Forest and Amazon biomes (CARVALHO et al, 1997; DIAS, 2005; SOUCHIE et al, 2005), mainly using leguminous nitrogen-fixing species, aiming to maintain or rehabilitate pasture productivity
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