Abstract
The fate of Listeria monocytogenes was determined during kimchi fermentation and in the presence of kimchi ingredients. The lag phase was increased in tryptic soy broth at 35°C in the presence of 3% garlic, ginger, and NaCl, but not in the presence of 5% red pepper. Low levels (104 CFU/ml) of kimchi microflora did not inhibit the growth of Listeria in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 35°C. The growth of L. monocytogenes was inhibited in BHI broth containing a mixture of kimchi ingredients and 3% (wt/vol)NaC1 at 21°C. During kimchi fermentation at 21and 35°C, the numbers of viable cells of L. monocytogenes increased for the first 2 days of fermentation, but decreased during the next 10days. The decrease at 35°C was more rapid. L. monocytogenes was largely inactivated by kimchi ingredients and low pH, but viable cells still remained after 10 days of fermentation. These results show that kimchi is a safe product with respect to low levels of Listeria contamination which can be achieved by using ingredients of good microbiological quality.
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