Abstract
High quality and large size Al-doped CsLiB6O10 (CLBO) single crystals have been successfully grown by top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) technique using Cs2O–Li2O–MoO3 fluxes. The advantages of this newly developed flux system were investigated by viscosity measurements and growth experiments. Al-doped CLBO presents a very high transmittance in the visible region and the weak absorption values at 1064 nm along a and c axes are only 140 and 50 ppm/cm, respectively. The measured LIDT of Al-doped CLBO at λ = 1064 nm and τ = 5.0 ns is 5.10 GW/cm2. Moreover, Al-doped CLBO exhibits an apparent enhancement of the hygroscopic nature in contrast with the undoped crystal as determined by the humidity experiments. Finally, a high fourth harmonic generation (FHG) conversion efficiency of 63% utilizing Al-doped CLBO has been achieved by a picosecond mode-locked Nd:YAG laser, the results also reveal that Al doping has no obvious impact on the FHG conversion efficiency.
Highlights
Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal is one type of functional crystal that has been widely used in optical communication systems, industrial lasers, and microelectronic devices, owing to its various properties including electro-optical, nonlinear optical, photorefractive effects, etc. [1,2,3]
In comparison with other commercially available NLO crystals such as BaB2 O4 (BBO) and LiB3 O5 (LBO), CsLiB6 O10 (CLBO) possesses incomparable advantages, since it can be grown from congruent or near-congruent melts at extremely fast growth rate by top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) method [16,18]
As previously reported [38], the molar ratio of Cs2 O:Li2 O:B2 O3 :MoO3 for CLBO crystal growth was in the range of 1:(1.0–1.5):(3.0–6.0):(0.5–1.0)
Summary
Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal is one type of functional crystal that has been widely used in optical communication systems, industrial lasers, and microelectronic devices, owing to its various properties including electro-optical, nonlinear optical, photorefractive effects, etc. [1,2,3]. Considerable research has been conducted on borate series nonlinear optical crystals for harmonic generation in high-power solid-state ultraviolet (UV) lasers due to their excellent properties such as relatively high tolerance to laser-induced damage, large nonlinear optical coefficients, moderate birefringence, and wide transparency range in the UV region. (KBBF) [9], YCa4 O(BO3 ) (YCOB) [10], and YA13 (BO) (YAB) [11] have attracted a great deal of attention. Among these crystals, CLBO is a newly developed borate crystal and has been successfully applied for the fourth and fifth-harmonic generation of a Nd:YAG laser [12,13]. In comparison with other commercially available NLO crystals such as BBO and LBO, CLBO possesses incomparable advantages, since it can be grown from congruent or near-congruent melts at extremely fast growth rate by top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) method [16,18]
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