Abstract
Problem statement: Biomaterial fabrication in Malaysia started as a co nsequence of the demand for cheaper implant materials. Various biomaterials have been developed utilizing local resources like Malaysian coral. Locally processed Malaysian coral need to be complemented with proper evaluation and testing including toxicology, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, physicochemical characterization and in vivo testin g. The present study was carried out to assess natural coral of porites species as scaffold combin ed with in vitro expanded Bone Marrow Derived Osteoblast-Like cells (BM-DOL), in order to develop a tissue-engineered bone graft in a rat model. Approach: Coral was used in a block shape with a dimension o f 10 mm length × 5 mm width × 5 mm thickness. BM-DOL cells were seeded into porous coral scaffold in a density of 5 ×10 6 mL -1 . After 7 days of in vitro incubation in osteogenic medium, one block was processed for light (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations while the other blocks were implanted subcutaneously in the back of 5 weeks-old Sprague-Dawely rats for 3 months. Coral blocks without cells were implanted as a control. The implants har vested and processed for gross inspection, histological and scanning electron microscopy obser vations. Results: Both LM and SEM showed attachment of well arrangement multilayer cells ins ide the pores of in vitro seeded coral scaffolds. Gross inspection of all in vivo coral-cell complexe s implants revealed vascularized like bone tissue formation. Histological sections revealed mature bo ne formation occurred in the manner resemble intramembraneous bone formation. SEM observations revealed multi-layer cellular proliferation with abundant collagen covered the surface of coral impl ants. Control group showed resorbed coral block. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Malaysian coral can b e use as a suitable scaffold material for delivering bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in tissue engineering and therefore, offers a great potential to enhance bone healing around implants i n a compromised bone bed.
Highlights
Considerable attention has been directed to use biomaterials with agent such as bone marrow biomaterial because of limitation in the use of aspirates[3] and cultured osteoblasts[1,4] has yielded biological grafts
Bone grafting mediated via tissue engineering of stem cells for repairing defects represents a new direction towards bone regeneration in this millennium
This study showed that coral seeded with BMSC-DO, subcultured in osteogenic medium was capable of forming bone in vivo
Summary
Osteoconductive and not an osteoinductive material[9]. Considerable attention has been directed to use biomaterials with agent such as bone marrow biomaterial because of limitation in the use of aspirates[3] and cultured osteoblasts[1,4] has yielded biological grafts. Natural developed for the reconstruction of living tissue[10]. It is coral has a porous structure that offers a substantial based on principles of developmental and molecular surface exchange area. As reported by Chen et al.[6] the specific mesenchymal tissues for repair or regeneration interconnected porous coral exoskeletons allow bone of various connective tissue sites throughout the body. The in vitro seeded on the locally processed Malaysian coral osteoconductive capacity of porous coral allows cell scaffold in order to develop a tissue-engineered bone attachment and growth through the scaffold of the graft at an extra skeletal site through the transplantation material, characteristic of a good support of cells[7,8]. Research has clearly demonstrated coral to be only an porous coral
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
