Abstract
The present study examined the relationship between substance use and reasoning in adolescents, and further investigated the modulation role of growth mindset on this relationship. A total of 1759 adolescents in China with substance use experience were investigated. The results showed that substance use (smoking, drinking, and illicit drug use) was negatively correlated with reasoning (r = −0.24 ∼−0.39, p < 0.01) and growth mindset (r = −0.18 ∼−0.32, p < 0.01). Regression analysis revealed that after controlling for the background variables (i.e., age, family annual income, and parents’ educational level), only illicit drug use was the significant predictor of reasoning (β = −0.325, t = −14.28, p < 0.001). The interaction effect between growth mindset and illicit drug use was also a significant predictor of reasoning (β = −0.067, t = −2.92, p = 0.004), indicating growth mindset modulated the relationship between illicit drug use and reasoning ability. Further analysis found that the negative correlation between frequency of illicit drug use and reasoning in high growth mindset group was weaker than that of low growth mindset group (F(3,1733) = 332.51, p < 0.001, f2 = 0.22). This suggests that growth mindset plays a significant moderating role in the relationship between substance use and reasoning. Overall, substance use has adverse effect on adolescent reasoning, however, growth mindset could reduce this adverse effect.
Highlights
Substance use has been a part of the young adolescent experience for several decades, and it has been identified as a public health problem that warrants serious concern (Kerwin et al, 2015)
To further understand the effect of substance use on adolescent cognitive development, we investigated the relationship between substance use and reasoning in adolescent, which was the main goal of the present study
The present study aimed to examine the effect of substance use on reasoning in adolescents, and further investigated the modulation role of growth mindset on this effect
Summary
Substance use has been a part of the young adolescent experience for several decades, and it has been identified as a public health problem that warrants serious concern (Kerwin et al, 2015). The individuals with growth mindset have stronger motivation to try harder to cope with their challenging situations such as substance use (Elliott and Dweck, 1988). In this way, growth mindsets can moderate the link between challenging situations and subsequent performance/adjustment; in contrast, in individuals with fixed mindsets, higher difficulty corresponds with poorer performance and adjustment, whereas this association is weaker among growth-mindset individuals. No studies to date have been conducted to examine whether and how growth mindset has a mediating effect on the adverse effects of substance use on adolescent cognition. We hypothesized that substance use in adolescents would be correlated with cognitive reasoning, and that growth mindset moderates this relationship
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