Abstract
A thermodynamic approach has been proposed to address the quantum rings (QRs) self-assembly upon droplet epitaxy. It is found that the selective nucleation on the droplet skirt induced by the high surface energy density of droplet leads to the QR formation at the initial deposition stage, and then the QR growth is controlled by the diffusion of the droplet atoms and the trapping of the deposited atoms, which determines the final size and shape of QRs. Taking the GaAs/AlGaAs system as an example, the established theory nicely elucidates the physical mechanisms of the self-assembly of GaAs nanostructures including the single and double QRs and the holed nanostructure upon droplet epitaxy. Theoretical predictions are consistent with experiments, implying that the proposed thermodynamic model could be expected to be a general approach to pursue the nanostructural self-assembly upon droplet epitaxy.
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