Abstract
Enhalus acoroides (E. acoroides) is one of the most common species in seagrass meadows. Based on the application of allelochemicals from aquatic plants to inhibit harmful algal blooms (HABs), we used E. acoroides aqueous extract against harmful algae species Phaeocystis globosa (P. globosa). The results showed that E. acoroides aqueous extract could significantly inhibited the growth of P. globosa, decrease the chlorophyll-a content and photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) values of P. globosa, followed by vacuolization, plasmolysis, and the destruction of organelles. Twelve types of major chemical constituents were identified in E. acoroides aqueous extracts by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS), including six flavonoids, two homocyclic peptides, two long-chain aliphatic amides, one tannin, and one nitrogen heterocyclic compound. Flavonoids were the characteristic chemical constituents of E. acoroides aqueous extract. Furthermore, the antialgal activity of luteolin-7-O-glucuronide (68.125 μg/mL in 8 g/L E. acoroides aqueous extract) was assessed. The EC50–96 h value was 34.29 μg/mL. In conclusion, the results revealed that luteolin 7-O-glucuronide was one of the antialgal compounds of E. acoroides aqueous extract, with potential application as novel algaecide.
Highlights
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) cause a series of ecological problems
The results revealed that luteolin 7-O-glucuronide was one of the antialgal compounds of E. acoroides aqueous extract, with potential application as novel algaecide
In order to develop antialgal compounds from E. acoroides, we investigated the inhibitory effects of E. acoroides aqueous extracts on the growth of P. globosa, identified the chemical constituents, and uncovered the antialgal compounds
Summary
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) cause a series of ecological problems. They contribute to the death of fish, birds, and mammals (including humans), cause respiratory or digestive tract problems, as well as losses of coastal resources [1]. Phaeocystis globosa (P. globosa) is regarded as an unwanted algal species. It is associated with shellfish mortality and acid rain, and can produce hemolytic toxins, bad odors, and form foam through high biomass accumulation [2,3]. P. globosa blooms destroy marine ecosystem and are hazardous to human health and aquaculture. P. globosa blooms are frequently found in China, Viet Nam, and the eastern
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