Abstract
Blood pressure (BP), especially systolic BP (SBP), is higher in adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) patients than in normal controls. Additionally, obesity is a known risk factor for hypertension, and growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is an important cause of short stature. For children with GHD, attention has been directed solely towards height. Few studies have assessed its potential impact on BP. Here, we investigated the effect of body mass index standard deviation score (BMISDS) on BP in children with short stature. This study included 736 children with short stature divided into two groups based on peak growth hormone (GH) level in GH provocation tests [severe GHD (SGHD) group = 212 children; non-SGHD group = 524 children]. We found that SBP was significantly higher in the SGHD group than in the non-SGHD group (p = 0.045). Additionally, there was a significant positive association between BMISDS and SBP in the SGHD group (β = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.40–4.84, p < 0.001), but no association between these variables was observed in the non-SGHD group. Thus, SGHD patients had a higher SBP than non-SGHD patients. BMISDS is a significant factor for higher SBP in SGHD patients but not in non-SGHD patients.
Highlights
Adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) is associated with a metabolic profile similar to that of metabolic syndrome, which is defined by the clustering of obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and hypertension[1]
Two hundred twelve patients were assigned to the severe GHD (SGHD) group based on a GH peak lower than 5 ng/ml, and the other 524 patients were assigned to the non-SGHD group
There was no significant difference between groups in diastolic Blood pressure (BP) (DBP), sex, age, height, height standard deviation score (HtSDS), IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or bone age (BA)
Summary
Adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) is associated with a metabolic profile similar to that of metabolic syndrome, which is defined by the clustering of obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and hypertension[1]. All these factors may accelerate atherosclerosis and promote higher cardiovascular morbidity, and untreated AGHD is widely accepted to lead to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), whereas growth hormone (GH) treatment has beneficial metabolic effects in these patients[2]. Population studies revealed that GH influences body composition[5,6] and that GHD is associated with weight gain and a higher body mass index (BMI) in children and adults[7]. We sought to investigate the relationship between BMI standard deviation score (BMISDS) and SBP in children with SGHD
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