Abstract
Adipose tissue is a large endocrine organ able to affect whole-body homeostasis by interacting with other organs, tissues, and cell types. Alterations in adipose tissue function during aging affects age-related conditions such as ectopic fat deposition, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, inflammation, and cancer. Adipose tissue function and composition are influenced by several endocrine signals, including growth hormone. Growth hormone not only has an important role during growth and development but also is intimately related to aging. In fact, a reduction in growth hormone action in mice and humans extends lifespan and protects from age-associated disorders such as diet-induced diabetes and cancer. Conversely, humans and mice with increased growth hormone action have decreased longevity and are more susceptible to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Adipose tissue is a major target of growth hormone action as it affects adipose tissue mass, distribution, cellular composition, endocrine function, and inflammatory and fibrotic status. In this review, we examine the possible mechanisms by which growth hormone's effect on adipose tissue modulates longevity and age-related comorbidities.
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