Growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin response to depression of plasma free fatty acids and the effect of glucose infusion.

Abstract

It has previously been shown that nicotinic acid (NA)-induced depression of free fatty acids (FFA) stimulates the secretion of GH and glucagon. To evaluate this hormonal response further, we studied the influence of different doses of glucose administered by continuous iv infusion on the GH and glucagon increase during NA-induced FFA depression. In ten male non-obese volunteers, FFA depression by the infusion of NA (2.3 g over a period of 210 min) resulted in a late rise (from 150 min on) of GH (From 1.1 to 25.9 ng/ml) and an early increase (from 30 min on) of glucagon (from 71.7 to 138.2 pg/ml). When glucose was infused (approximately 60, 120 and 180 g, respectively, over a period of 270 min) during NA-induced FFA depression, the GH rise was reduced and delayed in relation to the amount of glucose infused, but could not be completely abolished (maximal GH concentration during the three NA-plus-glucose infusions: 16.5, 8.0 and 6.1 ng/ml, respectively). The glucagon rise was entirely reversed by the high glucose dose. Insulin did not rise during NA infusion alone. Its secretion in response to glucose infusion was not significantly influenced by FFA depression. Thus, during NA-induced FFA depression the secretion of two lipolytic hormones--GH and glucagon--is stimulated while the secretion of the lipogenetic hormone insulin remains low. Glucose has an inhibitory effect on the GH and glucagon response which, however, is different for each of the hormones.