Abstract
Growth factors may play an important role in mammalian embryogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, and repair after injury [1]. Normal epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract produce multiple growth factors including epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), cripto, amphiregulin, pS2, and TGF beta [2–8]. These growth factors positively or negatively function as autocrine, paracrine, and luminal factors in regulating the cell growth, motility, and digestion of the GI tract. EGF may regulate expression of gastrin that stimulates gastric acid secretion and has a trophic effect on the growth of GI epithelial cells [9].
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