Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the events of retinal development and the results of early studies on retinal regeneration in vivo . It describes the distribution and biological actions of various growth factors present in ocular tissues. Recent investigations in the chicken embryo that demonstrated for the first time that fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) can induce retinal regeneration in vivo in vertebrates is presented. The possible role of FGFs in retinal-cell differentiation is also discussed. In nearly all adult vertebrates, separation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neural retina typically leads to degeneration of the retina and subsequent loss of vision if not surgically corrected. Transdifferentiation is defined as an alteration of the state of differentiation of cells that have already been, at least partially, specialized or programmed in a given direction under normal conditions in situ . In a number of vertebrate species, transdifferentiation of the RPE into neural retina has been demonstrated in situ during retinal regeneration, as well as in transplantation experiments and under tissue-culture conditions.
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