Abstract
BackgroundThis study was carried out to investigate effects of threonine levels on growth, digestive and absorptive capacity and antioxidant status in intestine and hepatopancreas of sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodonidella).ResultsWeight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake and feed efficiency were significantly improved by dietary threonine (P < 0.05). Intestinal activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, alpha-amylase, lipase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and creatine kinase took the similar trends. Contents of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl in intestine and hepatopancreas were significantly decreased by dietary optimal threonine supplementation (P < 0.05). Anti-superoxide anion capacity, anti-hydroxyl radical capacity, glutathione content and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase in intestine and hepatopancreas were enhanced by dietary threonine (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDietary threonine could improve growth, enhance digestive and absorptive capacity and antioxidant status in intestine and hepatopancreas of sub-adult grass carp. The dietary threonine requirement of sub-adult grass carp (441.9-1,013.4 g) based on weight gain was 11.6 g/kg diet or 41.5 g/kg of dietary protein by quadratic regression analysis.
Highlights
This study was carried out to investigate effects of threonine levels on growth, digestive and absorptive capacity and antioxidant status in intestine and hepatopancreas of sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodonidella)
The present study focused on the effects of threonine on digestive and absorptive capacity of herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodonidella)
Growth performance Effects of graded levels of dietary threonine on growth parameters are given in Table 2, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed intake (FI) were significantly improved as dietary threonine levels increased from 3.3 to 10.9 g/kg diet (P < 0.05), and decreased thereafter (P < 0.05)
Summary
This study was carried out to investigate effects of threonine levels on growth, digestive and absorptive capacity and antioxidant status in intestine and hepatopancreas of sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodonidella). Threonine (Thr) is an indispensable amino acid for fish [1]. Dietary threonine deficiency has been shown to cause poor growth and feed conversion in juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthysolivaceus) [2], as well as low protein deposition in fingerling Indian major carp (Cirrhinusmrigala) [3]. It is well known that fish growth is greatly influenced by food digestion and nutrient absorption [4]. Effects of dietary threonine on digestive and absorptive capacity may be different among fish with different feeding habits. The present study focused on the effects of threonine on digestive and absorptive capacity of herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodonidella)
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