Growth, Development, Yield, and Seed Quality of Florunner Peanut Affected by Late Leaf Spot1

Abstract

Abstract Late leaf spot, induced by Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton, causes serious yield losses of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the southeastern United States. A two-year study was conducted to observe progress of late leaf spot and to evaluate subsequent effects of late leaf spot on accumulation of dry matter, leaf area index (LAI), and pod production of Florunner peanut in fungicide-treated and non-treated plots. Disease severity, which is an expression of both disease-induced defoliation and necrotic leaf area, was used as an indicator of disease progression in the field. The leaf dry weight, LAI, and the dry weight of the total biomass were significantly different at 93 days after planting (DAP) in 1986, and at 78 DAP in 1987 between fungicide-treated and non-treated plots. Late leaf spot reduced the potential yield (harvested and dropped pods) of Florunner peanut by 37% in 1986 and 46% in 1987. In non-treated plots, the abscission of pods was initiated later but progressed faster in 1986 than in 1987. The predictions of pod yield with the measures of healthy leaf area duration (HAD) and healthy area absorption (HAA) were adequate for fungicide-treated plots where pod losses were minimal. However, HAD and HAA were inadequate for predicting pod yield of a peanut crop severely infected by late leaf spot, primarily because this predictive approach does not account for losses of dropped pods.