Abstract
Water caltrop Trapa natans L. is a relic aquatic plant protected in 36 regions of Russia. The most northern and isolated populations of this plant in Southern Ural and Altai are poorly studied. The results of a chemical analysis of water and aquarium culture experiments revealed that this plant could tolerate a wide range of environmental factors. The species appear to be sensitive to chlorides and low water temperatures, but resistant to sulfate salinization. Human factors are the main threats to the northern populations of water caltrop, which in Altai has already resulted in the extinction of this plant in Lake Aya and population declines in lakes Manzherok and Kanonerskoye.
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