Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the growth and yield of sugarcane irrigated with brackish water and leaching fractions. A completely randomized experimental design was used, in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of five irrigation water salinity levels (0.5, 2.0, 3.5, 5.0 and 6.5 dS m-1) and two leaching fractions (0 and 0.17), corresponding to 100 and 120% of the crop evapotranspiration. The irrigation management was performed daily. Irrigation water salinity levels were obtained by adding NaCl and CaCl2 to the public-supply water, in order to obtain a molar ratio between Na:Ca of 1:1. The following measurements were taken: height and stem diameter; number of tillers; number of leaves and leaf area with monthly frequency between 60 and 300 days after planting (DAP). It was concluded that irrigation water salinity negatively influenced the variables of growth and yield in the sugarcane, and the leaching fraction of 0.17 was capable of reducing the deleterious effects of the salts on the plants.
Highlights
The practice of irrigation in agriculture increases food production, but the quality of the waters used, especially those of lower quality, such as saline waters, compromises crop growth and development (Silva et al, 2011).Salt accumulation in soils occurs when the quantity of salts accumulated due to irrigation water is higher than the quantity removed by the drainage water (Armas et al, 2010)
Knowing the importance of sugarcane for Brazil and for Pernambuco, which occupies the 7th place in the country (CONAB, 2016), and considering that the literature is scarce in studies on sugarcane and salinity, which are usually conducted outside Brazil and with cultivars not used in the country (García & Medina, 2010; Nadian et al, 2012), the objective was to evaluate growth and yield of sugarcane irrigated with brackish water under leaching fractions
The multivariate analysis applied to all growth variables evidenced significant difference (p < 0.01) for the vectors of treatment means, according to the tests of Hotelling-Lawley, Pillai, Wilks and Roy, for the effect of time, interaction of time x salinity and interaction of time x irrigation depth, the latter of which was not significant for stem height (SH)
Summary
The practice of irrigation in agriculture increases food production, but the quality of the waters used, especially those of lower quality, such as saline waters, compromises crop growth and development (Silva et al, 2011). In Pernambuco, its production occurs usually in coastal areas where soil salinization problems are commonly observed, due to the intrusion of seawater, which mixes with fresh waters, making them brackish or saline. Based on this context, it is necessary to study techniques aiming at the inclusion of this type of water in the production chain, to reduce the effects caused by salts on this crop. It is necessary to study techniques aiming at the inclusion of this type of water in the production chain, to reduce the effects caused by salts on this crop These techniques include the use of leaching fractions, which promote the displacement of salts to soil depths below the root zone, allowing good yield of the crops. Knowing the importance of sugarcane for Brazil (largest global producer) and for Pernambuco, which occupies the 7th place in the country (CONAB, 2016), and considering that the literature is scarce in studies on sugarcane and salinity, which are usually conducted outside Brazil and with cultivars not used in the country (García & Medina, 2010; Nadian et al, 2012), the objective was to evaluate growth and yield of sugarcane irrigated with brackish water under leaching fractions
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