Growth and yield of Solanum khasianum in Pinus roxburghii forest based silvi-medicinal system in mid hills of Indian Himalaya

Chandra Shekher Sanwal,Sushma Kerketta,Vijaysinha Kakade,Raj Kumar,S. D. Bhardwaj,Raheel Anwar

doi:10.1186/s40663-016-0078-3

Abstract

In mid hills of Western Himalayas, Himachal Pradesh India, growth, yield and economics of Solanum khasianum as a potential medicinal herb under Pinus roxburghii (Chir pine) plantation has been studied for two consecutive years to assess the performance of Solanum khasianum in undercanopy of Pinus roxburghii for developing Solanum khasianum and Pinus roxburghii based innovative silvi-medicinal system. Growth parameters such as plant height, number of branches per plant and leaf area index followed by yield were estimated after Solanum khasianum was grown on three topographical aspects as; Northern, North - western and Western at a spacing of 45 cm × 45 cm, followed by three tillage depths as; minimum (0 cm), medium (up to 10 cm) and deep tillage (up to 15 cm), in open and below canopy conditions treatment. The study was conducted to explore the possibility of using Solanum khasianum based silvi-medicinal system to utilize the below canopy of Chir pine forest for enhancing the productivity of forests besides the conservation of the medicinal herb. The growth parameters such as plant height, number of branches per plant and leaf area index were non-significantly affected by topographical aspects and tillage practices, both below canopy and open conditions except fresh weight and dry weight of berries during harvesting stage. The maximum yield (0.61 t∙ha−1) was observed on Western aspect in open conditions as compared to below canopy of Chir pine. The highest gross returns were observed for the crop cultivated on Western aspect under deep tillage in open conditions than other aspect and tillage combinations. However the positive net returns from the crops raised in below canopy of Chir pine indicates its possible economic viability under agroforestry system as the gross returns was higher than the cost of cultivation. Solanum khasianum when grown in below canopy of Pinus roxburghii, its growth and yield indicated positive net returns. Solanum khasianum and Pinus roxburghii based silvi-medicinal system has the potential to enhance the overall productivity of Chir pine forest. This silvi-medicinal system gives scope for utilizing floor Chir pine forests for growth and production of Solanum khasianum beside conservation of the medicinal herb.

Highlights

Almost all the medicinal plants collected either legally or illegally all over the Himalayas or even other parts of Asia for various purposes are collected from the natural plant communities and only a few species are cultivated (Uniyal et al 2002)
Considering the socioeconomic importance of Solanum khasianum for human health and well beings, a field trial was conducted for two consecutive years (2006–07, 2007–08) to assess its regeneration and conservation potential under the Chir pine plantations in its local habitat
Keeping in view the vast area under Pinus roxburghii in India and the greater demand for this medicinal herb, the present study were undertaken to assess the possibility of regenerating Solanum khasianum in undercanopy of Pinus roxburghii for developing innovative Solanum khasianum and Pinus roxburghii based silvi-medicinal system in mid hills of western Himalayas

Summary

Introduction

Almost all the medicinal plants collected either legally or illegally all over the Himalayas or even other parts of Asia for various purposes are collected from the natural plant communities and only a few species are cultivated (Uniyal et al 2002). One of them is Solanum khasianum Clarke, a stout, much branched, under shrub with almost straight prickles which is found in the wastelands, ravines and in the North-Eastern hills of India and the upper Gangetic plains up to an altitude of 1600 m This species is an important medicinal plant that contains solasodine as a secondary metabolite (Maiti et al 1979). In mid hills of Western Himalayas, Himachal Pradesh India, growth, yield and economics of Solanum khasianum as a potential medicinal herb under Pinus roxburghii (Chir pine) plantation has been studied for two consecutive years to assess the performance of Solanum khasianum in undercanopy of Pinus roxburghii for developing Solanum khasianum and Pinus roxburghii based innovative silvi-medicinal system

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion